Friday, September 30, 2011

Motivation Concepts Table Theory | Self Improvement Books

The Science of Self-Confidence Training Kit

motivation concepts table theory


Leadership: Theory and Practice


Leadership: Theory and Practice

$50.00

Adopted at more than 800 colleges and universities worldwide, the market-leading text owes its success to the unique way in which it combines an academically robust account of the major theories and models of leadership with an accessible style and practical exercises that help students apply what they learn. Each chapter follows a consistent format, allowing students to easily contrast the variou?


The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications


The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications

$77.63

For thirty-three years and through three editions, Bass & Stogdill?s Handbook of Leadership has been the indispensable bible for every serious student of leadership. Since the third edition came out in 1990, the field of leadership has expanded by an order of magnitude. This completely revised and updated fourth edition reflects the growth and changes in the study of leadership over the past seven?


The Social Psychology of Organizations


The Social Psychology of Organizations

$167.63

Analyzes the essential problems of human organizations?the motivation to work, the resolution of conflict, the exercise of leadership, and the creation of organizational change. Examines the relations between organizations and their environments, the effect of organizational demands and opportunities on individual health, and the experimental development of organizational alternatives to conventi?

V3 ? Oracle SQL Tutorial ? Creating a table (Theory)

Purpose of Knowledge

Article

By

Souran Mardini Ph.D

?

Purpose of knowledge

We propose to examine in this article the following question:

Does knowledge have a precise purpose?

We are ssuming that knowledge, instigated by astonishment and natural curiosity, emerges as the result of the inevitable interaction between man and the universe. The process of thought interaction is indispensable for man?s being. From the moment of the fecundation of the ovule by the sperm (both unknown in origin and presence) and till the realization of the final human form, matured and adult, life phenomenon presents itself as a total enigma. If we accept the hypothesis of internal finality which shapes the final product in term of development, we still have to explain the how does it bring it about and the why should it bring it about. It remains also to answer questions concerning the presence, origin, reason of being of man. The same logic applies to all phenomena, for every object is subject to these questions.

Conflict between finality and hazard is subject to individual conviction. The basis of such conflict is the absence of evidence. Subjectivity dominates the attitude of the individual in order to reach a final personal conjectural conviction.

We consider that the very absence of such possible verifiability leaves the door open for conjecture. In fact, man stakes his choice on this uncertainty. The choice between the mecanicist-atomist-organicist point of view and the vitalist-causalist-finalist perspective is not based on proof; otherwise, the choice becomes baseless. In our perspective we do not presume that hazard is the basis of the choice. It is the opposite; the choice is a well thought out decision.

We do not consider hazard as a random process of decision. It can be a convenient term to label an option of an alternative that cannot be verified. For hazard can be either in an oracular form, considered as a mean of divination, or in the form of indifference hazard, considered by science to be imposed by situation. The probability of hazard, in our perspective here, is unfound if laws of probability can be reduced to exact and succinct laws. According to scientific assumption water gushing out of a tap does so in a succinct and precise order where there is no place for hazard. The probability factor can be discarded depending on our unawareness of the order ofhe result. Our lack of knowledge of causes and effects, even in what is geometrically quantifiable, leads to complexity, often paradoxical remains a problem to be resolved. It is prompted by the limits of present knowledge which remains enigmatic: e.g. the Wall of Max Planck; the mystery of matter and time; the wall of death.

Becoming conscious of one?s limits the individual recoils to his faculty of belief. Metaphysical thought has nearly disappeared giving way to scientific knowledge. Scientific concepts of the emergence of auto organization can lead to arguments of probabilities of internal organizing finalities; external finalities cannot be excluded for lack of evidence.

But these probabilities are inherent within the choice alternative. The imposing enigma of existence prompts the question of creation (whether expressed internally or externally) causing a proof dilemma. The necessity of the faculty of judgment as well as the faculty of belief becomes indispensable, where the two, at one level, become identical.

Oscillating between the mecanicist-organicist explanation and the finalist-spiritualist the individual searches for a satisfactory choice to determine his final decision.

?Like his forced existence, his form, structure, aging and death, every person passes through this life-cycle of appearance and disappearance. Interaction between man and the universe necessitates explanation. This explanation necessitates knowledge. The demand for explanation leads to awareness where man attains an uncertain state of comprehension, labeled as knowledge.

?Ultimate knowledge?, i.e. knowledge of presence, structure, form, origin and finality of objects constituting the universe, remains unknown and inaccessible.

Heidegger, as an example of a materialist, considers that the ?ultimate horizon of science will not be the representation and comprehension of the real but rather its enslavement by the technological?. The discomfort of the metaphysical order, unverifiable by the science, has incited Kant to think that,

?speculative reason is not real and has no sense unless in relation to its submission to practical reason which does not seize to produce ends.?

Knowledge, so far, remains, at best, short of attaining ultimate interaction with the universe. It is the result of man?s capacity to acquire data. This data is limited by what the mind can conceive of the sensible and the intelligible. Neither the observer, man, nor the observed, the universe, is accessible to ultimate knowledge at our present state of knowledge.

?Ultimate knowledge is concerned with the nature, structure, form, change, development, presence, origin and finality of the universe and its constituent parts. We are assuming in this work that this presumed inaccessibility to ultimate knowledge is meaningful. It can be permanent without being pessimist. Its significance lies in the fact that we are unable, so far, to unveil ultimate knowledge. The inaccessibility to ultimate knowledge leads to a state of presumed ignorance. This state knowledge blocks its progress. Confronting of ?assumed ignorance? is attained only through knowledge, where gradually but surely we recognize it by its dead ends.

We assume further that this presumed ?state of ignorance? is ?inevitable?. Knowing attains a certain point where ultimate his enigma the individual aspires for an explanation. From the need for explanations emerges suppositions of causes that can bring about a universe of such dimensions and exactitude. Lack of proof for or against these suppositions creates a two-fold alternative obliging the observer to make his own choice. At this crossroad man is obliged to choose between belief and disbelief. This choice is presented in a two-options-alternative and does not allow for dialectical synthesis. It is either the one, belief, or the other, disbelief, in a creator-cause.

?No individual can believe and disbelieve at one and the same time. And a synthesis of the two is not possible.

Man himself, as one dimension of matter in time, an expression of life realizes gradually his position in this infinite universe, his role and function. He finds himself in a certain shape and form, size and characteristics. He is endowed with the faculties of survival and comprehension. His innate curiosity leads him to inquire into the enigmatic presence of the universe and his own. Man improvises with knowledge, whether scientific or otherwise: intuitive, telepathic, psychic, Para-psychic, artistic,moral, aesthetic or spiritual or even perceptive (karma), to interpret phenomena and eventualities.

?

Directionality of knowledge

Finality

Can the scientific mind exclude all precautions relative to finality, by trying to explain it? Can we limit the explanation to science only? Can science satisfy the questioning of meaning posed by philosophers?

How can we explain that starting off from confrontation with phenomenon, i.e. the vitalized object, belief in a cause emerges as alternative?

Philippe Descamps explains that, ?describing a phenomenon in finalist terms proposes the existenceof a consciousness capable of envisaging the whole and the future, also capable of working out a project that will organize the means of establishing and arranging harmoniously a ?being? made up of parts that develops in terms of the totality and contributing through its cooperation to the survival of an organism, we assume that it is animated by an internal finality, this ?being? is provided with intention.? (Science et Avenir, October,2000).

?

The mechanicist explanation by the positivists does not lead to the explanation of the ?reason of being? that imposes itself.

In other words the ?how? does not explain the ?why?.

Facing a world already made, and constantly changing, man interrogates himself about it, in its totality and in parts. What is the universe and how did it come about? Is there an architect or is the universe eternal, which does not exclude an architect, as Stephen Hawkins assumes, ?If there was a Big Bang then there is a God but if the universe is eternal then there is no need for a God.? For the argument that if the universe is eternal we can very well assume the eternality inaccessible at the present time.

God, as Aristotle suggests in his concept of movement and the prime mover.

If we live in a universe composed of hundreds of billions of galaxies, in which exists hundreds of billions of stars and planets, the field of knowledge is limitless. Man, as a very recent phenomenon, is in his infantile stage of existence and discovery. Planet earth is but one of these infinitely small sparkling spots in our vast system of the Milky Way. The earth, its form and structure, its constituent elements, its presence, its movement and velocity (rotation, tilting, orientation and orbits), its origin (birth, change and development), its position in our solar system, its control, its aging process and its life manifestations, so-called animate and inanimate, confronts man with endless questions. Science is beginning its infinite journey limited to the presence of man.

In this perspective there is no need to presume an already existing sterility of thought. But we are only emphasizing the notion of our present state of a presumed limited accessibility to what can be termed as ultimate knowledge. This can be argued if a state of inaccessibility to ultimate knowledge persists permanently as time passes and man discovers and having the chance to live for a long time. What was before is unknown, where did man come from and what makes us what we are is still unknown. This ultimate knowledge is still unknown.

The suspended threshold of the unknown:

Science does not provide us with any idea of the structure, presence and origin of any of the two enigmas, matter (or substance) and time. It speculates on the manifestations of the atom, being the smallest constituent particle of matter, offering no knowledge of its nature, presence, origin, cause,its reason of being, its governing laws, its functions and its control. What are atoms? Where do atoms come from? What it is is not within the reach of man.

he does not change its biological-chemical fundamentals according to a pre ? order mechanism. The three mediators initiate its presence and controls its form and structure and designs its characteristics? All these questions belong to the domain of knowledge, and in particular, scientific knowledge.

Science, which purports to ?know? about the ?how?, attempts to explain the mechanics of what is and what was. It attempts to discover how conditions are required for the formation of such universal mosaics.

Considering man as a spectator-exploiter, he is unable to create something from nothing. The composition and characteristics of matter itself allows him to use it according to its laws and nature. Such control, which maintains matter as Objects modified genetically presume modification of what is according to the laws that already govern it.

?Isotopes of Plutonium 239 PU existing already in nature are exploited to bring about its potential characteristics. No scientist can pretend to creating from nothing an element or a law of matter. He only discovers the mechanism of splitting atoms and using its energy, for example, that already exists llion DNA characteristics chart already exists in the human body controlling life development structure, form, color, size, change and development. An apple exits, functions and develops according to its already made precise program. Man discovers and discovering its characteristics can develop further its potentialities that are allowed by its own design, but substance; otherwise, it seizes to be what it is and might become, if at all, something else.

Science is unable, so far, to identify empirically the structural nature that prompts such order and what assembles its constituent parts together to produce a final product. that can be a mental seizure, psychological, or moral. Faith or rejection of a cause for the faithless to the assumptions of belief and disbelief. He has, not immune to personal convictions. It is precisely this.

Even though a scientist shows disinterest for finalities he makes his decision and lack of evidence is forced to ultimately, deliberate his choice. In the process of acquiring his knowledge through his investigation the scientist becomes gradually aware of possible inaccessibility, somewhere in his ascendance. He realizes that every discovery opens up for other discoveries, an unlimited chain. This motivates the scientist to continue his work. The perplexity and vastness of the subject leads on to resolve one mystery after another where he comes to a closed sphere of knowledge. Very few people, especially scientists, would admit this. Knowledge is endless, everybody assumes it.

In any belief-system individual conviction is subject to personal interpretation. The concept of God in each religion differs from one religion to another and specifically from one individual to another. But the overall general concept of belief in response to whether ?God is? or ?is not?, can be commonly shared.

Lack of evidence for the existence of God in religious belief systems results also in the individual choice. The claim of belief in religions is based on linguistic communication.

Whether in belief systems or metaphysics, thought is a process of communicative linguistic expressions that finally leads to expressing one?s convictions. In the case of faith, such symbol system of value judgment is not prerequisite to either belief or disbelief. Direct and immediate acceptance or rejection is prompted upon the confrontation of the faithful with phenomenon (a rose, for example, can prompt such a be the result of a direct seizure of the necessity of a creator or reject faith. This experience, where every person is bound spiritually or psychologically to take a stand. Communicating in symbolic systems such as for example letters, numbers, lines, colors, gesture and sounds, is not always necessary for representing one?s faith which can be intuitive, immediate, direct and wordless, or the rejection subject to, is neither communicable nor transmissible to others.

Symbolic-reference is not necessary in this case. Awareness of a creator-cause can be attained without mediation or meditation nor intellectualization. Man can directly seize the symbolic-reference of an object or an event (a tree, a landscape, a galaxy, orbit of earth). What is inevitable in the mind value-judgment is the individual?s own reckoning of a need, or non-need, for such a belief. Uncertainty of what is prescribed in belief-systems is the pivot-point in these questions. It is the point where an explanation is instigated.

From constant confrontation between man and the universe such a need is prompted. This confrontation triggers off the quest for knowledge indicating a purpose.

?If faith is automatically felt reason can consolidate it only by conjecture. In this case, reason is used to argue for or against faith.

Dependant on the individual?s attitude the choice can be in favor of either one option or the other. For this, absolute freedom of choice is needed in order to make the decision, since there is no evidence to give support to either option.

Tension and harmony between reason and belief has marked distinctions of attitudes throughout the ages. It has been the cause of extremes in attitudes (pros: St. Augustine, Aristotle, Leibniz and cons: Nietzsche, Russell, Sartre) as well as oscillations between metaphysics and scientific objectivism.

Objectivism was brought about through verificationalism and reductionalism (Galilee, Laplace and Descartes) in opposition to the dogmatic teachings of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. or in opposition, due to lack of evidence. This is levels where the two do not meet. They might be in par Scientific knowledge is an empirical symbolic identification that can be parallel to belief but on two different and distinct allelism because the criterion of scientific empiricism cannot apply to systems of belief. The two are completely separated.They can be exploited to consolidate one another, which is often the case (Aristotle, Galilee, Hawkins). The orbit of the earth around the sun cannot be taken as a proof, or as evidence, for the existence of a designer nor as a disproof for such a designer.

For the believer, the orbit needs a cause-designer time-keeper, but the absence of means to verify the need for such a presumption consolidates the argument of the disbeliever.

Both cannot establish an evidence for their arguments but rather can only make a choice. In any way, the individual can not escape belief or disbelief.

The different attitudes of Kant and Heidegger indicate in this sense tension between speculative metaphysics and the impact of science. The discomfort of metaphysical speculation, which is non verifiable by science, has prompted Kant to think that speculative reason is not real and has no sense except with regard to its compliance with practical reason(experience), which in its turn does not stop to provide ends.

Observation does not provide us with significance but it is our value judgment that does so. If a sense of order is figured out by watching natural phenomenon, it is our orientation to recognize such a reaction that allows a sense of order.

Order can be presumed on observing the universe, its form, structure, movement, change and cycles. Albert Einstein mentions, ?We find in the objective world a high degree of order?. It is claimed by some scientists that if the Big bang was advanced or retarded one split of a trillion of a fraction of evidence, and escapes it by discarding it but ma and life may have never been produced.

A second, the universe would have been in a different shape Galaxies (condensed presumably from a nebula of dust and gas matter) are submitted to rigorous precision of ?order? otherwise the universe would have not developed in its present form. Planet earth is constructed in such a way that life in its multiple and complex forms appeared. Conditions of life themselves are submitted to succinct order, control, laws and rigorous discipline. Any perturbation in the conditions of life (lack of oxygen, exposition to ozone zone, important perturbances in atmospheric pressure, density and zone of flora) renders life impossible. Any disorder in the rotation of earth around its axis or its orbits would result in disappearance of life. How does such order work? And what keeps it in control?

?Genetic charts are of an unpaired exactness. Every natural phenomenon is subject to strict laws with relation to its nature, presence, structure, form and function.

The history of knowledge is concerned with the discovery of things and their laws. Such logic implies that if there are laws governing the universe then there must be order. But order and organization and arrangements are indiscernible in the laboratory of the scientist. He faces a wall of the non viability admit it within himself.

The finalist position is rejected by most scientists today, for it is outside the domain of scientific rationalism, but scientific findings are themselves subject to change and uncertainty.

The non evidence assumed by the scientist of the finalist position renders him to reject such a possibility. But can the scientist do away with it altogether. Henri Atlan considers that at the origin of these finalities, bearers of significance, we find, in human societies, contradiction between religious traditional presumptions and scientific knowledge. Likewise; and in the ultimate analysis, scientific knowledge loses its verifiability when ?ultimate knowledge? imposes itself exacting the origin, order and organization in material of

science. Certain uncertainty of scientific discoveries remains eminent open to disagreement among scientists, especially to fundamental questioning about matter and origin in micro and macro fields. Science postulates theories subject to verification and change but are limited by the limits of subjectmatter itself. The scientist, although discarding causality from his account, can not avoid the question of causality.

Descamps assumes, with respect to external finality, that an inert object, presented as an organism, or an individual, exists for another end than itself. It is by supposing this that external finality emerges. It is not for the object ?to be?. In other words, the object itself cannot bring itself about. He does not attribute consciousness to the object itself but, on the contrary, to an external consciousness outside everything an ranscendental to everything. If the domain of explanation is amputated of all forms of finality, and disciplines want to be constituted as science must eliminate finality from its expression. The advent of modern physics and the passage to the conception of an infinite universe have consecrated scientific death of finality, because it imposes the postulate oforganizing thought of the world, is sent back to the ranks of the occult forces. The idea of ?extra universe finality?, an externality ad infinitum, becomes presumably contradictory, a thing that has to be established. But if an extra universality is dismissed on the postulate of the infinity of the universe then why not postulate that such extra universality is infinite in its turn. Likewise the advent of modern sciences does disprove the existence of such an externality. In fact, both presumptions lack evidence and neither proof nor disproof can be produced in support for the existence, or non existence, of such an externality.

?

?

But, does renunciation of finalism satisfy the mind? How

can we explain the development of things from simple

atoms, the cellular or molecular fundament, to its final state,

mature and concrete?

?

Confronting the Universe

The starting point of knowledge is that ?man has to confront with the universe? and ?the need to explain it?.

In the first place, we must face scientific explanations of the universe and its constituent parts. The ?complexity principle? adopted by Hubert Reeves proclaims a complex structure found already in the constants of the universe since the setting off of the cosmic process. He specifies that, ?the Universe possesses, right from the first instances, the proprieties requisite to elaborate the complexity?. This can be conceded if we accept the hypothetical assumption of a beginning singularity.

This complexity that has given birth, development and structure to the universe depends on relatively meager number of fundamental constants. Without these constants the universe can neither be nor can be dilated up to its present form already in progression or in digression.

The structure of numerous systems in nature, from the microscopic scale to cosmological scale, is based on the values of this relatively small number of fundamental constants of physics.

The following tables A and B explain this idea:

Permitivity

Table A

The fundamental constants of physics

Quantity Symbol Numeric values

Light speed c 3?10p8 m/sec

Electric charge of

proton

e 1,6?10p-19

coulomb

of

emptiness

eo 8,85?10p-12

farad m-1

Constant of

Planck

h 6,63?10p-34

joule sec

Constant of

Boltzmann

k 1,38?10p-23

joule/K

Mass at rest of

proton

mp 1,67?10p-27 kg

Mass at rest of

electron

me 9,11?10p -31 kg

Constant of the

gravitation

of Newton

G 6,67?10p-11 m3

kg-1 sec-2

Constant of the

weak force

gw 1,43?10p-62

joule m3

Constant of the

strong force

gs 47,4?10p-26m

Length of Planck (Gh/e3)1/2 2?10p-35m

?

?

?

Table B

A modest change in the values of these constants results in a

radical alteration of the structure of the Universe. The

cosmological framework can considerably be transformed, to

the point of being sterile to the emergence of life:

thermonuclear

Diminution Augmentation

Interaction

(Strong)

of the constant of

coupling

-No other nucleus

than oxygen

-No stars, no

carbon

Of the constant

of coupling

-Formation of

heavy

nucleus; no

carbon

Electromagnetic

-No chemical link

possible, so no

complex organic

molecules

-No susceptible

nucleus forming

organic

molecules

Interaction

(Weak)

-Universe

containing only

helium; no water

-No cycles of

nuclear reactions

of combustion of

hydrogen

-No supernovae

-No supernovae,

so no ejection of

heavy elements

necessary to the

generation of

living beings

Gravitational -No division of

in

the midst of

interstellar clouds

in contraction

-No supernovae (1)

-Very short

duration of life

of stars;

no planets

?

?

We recognize in these systems, without separating ourselves from the field of science, a kind of immanent finality to the universe, a profound coherence of all its constituent parts.

Science searches for a scientific coherent theory that can explain everything. A unique theory such as the hypothetical Theory of Strings or the hypothetic M-theory (Master theory) enigmas then how can knowledge be considered as knowledge?

that can be able to describe all fundamental interactions of matter and its laws in order to comprehend the secrets of the world from the infinitely small to the infinitely big.

?The attempt, for example, of Stephen Hawkins to unify quantum theory with the Theory of General Relativity is, up to now, non realizable. The Theory of Strings remains also a hypothetical postulate rejected by many scientists.

Descamps mentions that ?science eliminates finality from its discourse, but this total dismissal on the part of scientific?

______

1. Sciences et Avenir (Journal), Octobre, 2000, Paris, France.

?

?

??progress inaugurates a new model of phenomena

interpretation: it is of the machine and mechanicism, which discards, in the least rationality i.e. the spiritualist finalist model.? He considers further, ?that the mechanicist explanation of the real refinds itself more reinforced and legitimated by the fact that it opens up innumerable possibilities for technical realizations: its scientific richness can thus be measured and this measure is made in the light of its technical applications that it allows.? (Sciences et Avenir, November, 2000).

The comprehensiveness of man in the universe does not contradict his capacity to take a distance, even in a limited and artificial way, and to apprehend as an observer. In the final analysis, the two phenomena, universe and man, are enigmas that impose itself setting off knowledge. If the two are How did the universe come about and why? How did man come about and why?

These questions belong to the folkloric psychology of every individual. Why should we ask these questions and why should we answer? Where does man?s curiosity lead him to?

And why should there be curiosity at all?

Scientific knowledge maintains that most economy in the means of explanation does not keep into consideration except efficient causes: The principle of sufficient reason by imposing precedent chronologically the phenomenon that is the effect. But if the finality model is excluded from allsciences, certain essential and vital problems remain unresolved.

The science of living things lacks then in satisfactory explanations facing their life behavior in their evolution, development, adaptation and reproduction. In such a life model finality seems to animate its biological objects.

Physics, for example, cannot reduce certain arguments to mechanicist causes, such as the second law of thermodynamics postulating the necessary increase in the entropy of isolated systems. The explanation of lively organisms remains open to finality. Reducing these organisms to automatism or atomism, as the reductionalists and mechanicists assume, takes away the fact that they are lively beings.

?Despite scientific progress science cannot succeed to pierce the wall of this stage of knowledge.

Ultimate knowledge represents the capacity of man to get to know universally, and without any ambiguity of hypothetical thinking, the real and true responses to the answers of fundamental questions: regarding the presence, origin, reason of being, nature and finality of every constituent object and finally the Universe itself, perceptible and intelligible, separately and in unison, as well as the empiric links between

cause and effect, where the ?enigma? seizes to be.

However, due to its subjectivity the finality perspective remains open to personal interpretations.

?

For example, if the paper-cutter for Sartre and the statue for Aristotle are fabricated with the intention of a precise function in the mind of its maker, then why stop limiting the logic underlies the concept of existentialism calling for impose itself on man: a point of departure for process to a human maker and not apply it to a natural phenomenon, such as a tree or the sun or even the universe, to a cause-maker? The basis of such a perspective is that we can verify the existence of the human maker but cannot verify the existence of a universe-maker. The universe, can well be argued, is an auto-productive system of auto-dynamism, but the question of what generates such a production and dynamism rests to be validated.

The incapacity of science, at the moment, to provide with such evidence does not annul the probability of a hypothesis of such maker proclaimed by the vitalist-finalist model.

Meanwhile, the tree and the sun, galaxies and the universe are food for knowledge and thought.

?

?

Examples of value judgments

We refer to the paper-knife in the example of Sartre?s logic of existentialism. This is an example of reflection, between man and the universe and what a philosopher can conclude in his concept to justify his atheism. The notion of ?Existentialism? stems from the example given by Sartre of the paper-knife, but discards the example of a tree because of lack of proof for a maker. Sartre went further in his explanation. He excluded the existence of a ?maker? for the paper-knife to find himself only with the ?paper-knife?, existing on its own, a self-made object, as the basis for his assumption. And hence, the ?paper- knife?, according to the Sartrian logic, has never had a ?maker?, and comparatively, so is the world. The logic that the absurdity of being, becomes, at this point, itself absurd. Sartre accepts the presence of the paper-knife but denies the need for a maker-artisan of the paper-knife. He does not explain ?how? the paper-cutter came about. This absurdity is precisely the purpose of Sartre?s philosophy of existentialism. In this way man?s existence, according to Sartre, does not need a maker movement, as a ?necessity of reason? proclaimed by L?existence and hence does not need a creator-cause, and hence it becomes absurd in presence, in origin and finality. By rendering the world absurd Sartre, by begging his own question, considers it as absurd. The counter question, following his logic, is: how can the paper-knife exist without an artisan conceiving it?

?The essence?, according to Sartre, does not precede ?existence?. It is quite the opposite; it is the ?existence? that precedes the ?essence?. This logic is used by Sartre to legitimize his presumption for the absence of a creator cause for the world. By discarding an artisan for the paper-knife he discards a designer for the world.

An easy way, absurd as it is, to do away with a ?maker? for the universe is imposed by scientific empiricism, above all the non necessity of such a maker, for the tree itself is already in Nietzsche, as another example when facing the universe, denies ?order? and ?laws? and assigns the universe to be a product of ?chaos? and ?hazard?, by doing so he gets rid of the need of a ?creator-cause?.

The individual person when facing the universe and trying to explain it, has the free choice to believe or disbelieve in any causality assumption. The Aristotelian postulate of the ?prime cause? prompted by a ?presumed necessity? to explain Leibniz and a ?moral necessity? proclaimed by Kant.

The five assumptions of Sartre, Nietzsche, Aristotle, Leibniz and Kant represent personal convictions.

If we admit the finality of a house is habitation and the finality of medical science is healing, we cannot then exclude theoretical hypothesizing about finality for natural phenomenon, atmospheric pressure, water and the sun, life and Man.

?The scientific taboo is found between the maker of intentional finality, in objects made by man that are subject to verification, and a presumed maker of natural phenomenon, a presumption eliminated from explanation.

The postulated argument of St. Augustine identifying ?reason with revelation? remains, at best, a personal conviction, and not subject to verification. Logic here submits the idea of the existence of a God, depicted in the Scriptures, to human reason. Such an exercise, very frequently used in the history of religious thought (often drawing support from Aristotelian metaphysical presumptions), attempts to justify statements of the Scriptures according to monotheistic assertions. The attempt is only intellectually hypothetical. Should there be the least index of its proclamations the whole humanity has already found its way for an explanation. Lack of evidence becomes the pivot of the attitude of men. Any evidence, for or against the existence of a designer-cause, annuls immediately any belief system.

The argument of the existence of the universe vis-?-vis the non existence of the universe as a comparative-contrastive index appeals to reason by begging the question. The nihilist, the skeptic, and the one who doubts, as well as the agnostic, can reduce this argument to nullity. All depends which side the individual has chosen.

Through the enigmatic presence of the universe and man we seem to be in perpetual lack of knowledge.

?Our present knowledge is suspended as ever between these two enigmas. In this respect, we do not consider as valid the assumption of Jacques Monot of using the term ?teleonomy? to denote ?non-intentional finality characterizing the integrated functioning of biological unit?.

?It is a contradiction in terms, since hazard is present as alternative. Therefore; if, and only if, hazard is the cause of finality, even if finality is non intentional, it seizes to be hazard. It becomes calculating intelligence of decisive control leading to order. Mechanical causality explains the mechanism of relations without attempting to explain the instigating factor of such causality, nor of the nature of force of its assumed control, of the animated aspect. If the auto-mechanism is considered as the instigating factor for the universe, it remains to explain the instigating factor itself.

Can we explain phenomena by mechanical causality only, if we demand for the ?how?, particularly, in explaining biological phenomena? A man, or a lizard, cannot be a mechanical robot and a tree as well cannot only be a productive machine. Reducing everything to atomistic mechanics leaves the question open to its presence, its origin, form and structure, its laws, its controlling system and the instigating power, the motor of its mechanical functioning.

This idea can be valid in explaining the mechanism of phenomena, already in existence, but does not explain its very existence and why such mechanism should function.

?Scientific verificationalism rejects metaphysical speculations as non subject to empiricism. But, facing a phenomenon, the scientist is forced to take a stand towards these questions. He can either believe in a causal finality or reject it. The fact remains valid that lacking the establishment of any links between the universe and a presumed finality leaves the question open to individual convictions, and the scientist is no exception. Any individual, whether a scientist or not, may oscillate between causal finalities and scientific mechanicism, but has to make his decision either way. He cannot believe in causality and reject it at one and the same time.

?If finality, internal or external, can be identified and indicates that ?intentional action leads to a purpose?, and that finality is ?the final cause determining the presence and maturity of an object, we can demand why is it the case?

If we accept the argument of a believer in external finality and things are made for an external purpose, then man ought to serve a cause other than himself; an inadmitted cause by science and a metaphysical presumption.

The encounter between man and phenomenon sets off the process of thinking leading to an inevitable end: a choice.? It is to this end we attributesense. The end of a human being is to procreate or to die, forexample, but the fact of reproducing as well as death is linkedin a precisely defined cycle manifested in terms of a beginning, a course and an end. This cycle can suggest a precise finality. Our interest here concerns man as finality by himself before his death, although subject to it, and his confronting with the universe has this end.

Man?s knowledge is one way to enable him to choose. He can choose directly by other means, faith or belief without reference to knowledge. But we consider that the ultimate purpose of knowledge is to enable man to choose. Surviving ensures man?s presence to acquire enough knowledge in order to choose.

?Each time a new discovery is made we come a little bit closer to reality?, asserts Karl Popper. If we accept the presumption of the two-fold enigma namely, man and the universe then the probability of a third enigma, namely a designer externality emerges. Dismissal altogether of such probability does not deny the probability of the choice but confirms it.

If science rejects finality as non-verifiable, finality remains insistent by the phenomenon of motivation of things, simply by becoming what they are. The embryo develops in such a precise schematic totality that is realized in the finality of man adult and mature.

The cause, whether mechanic or non-mechanic, remains an unknown factor to be resolved, being afinal cause or an efficient one.

The universe forces itself upon our mind to produce a never ending process of interactions where we are obliged to know.

Knowledge motivates us to search for explanations, whether for immediate utility or a far fetched one. Knowledge becomes fully meaningful when it allows man, by giving him the means of decision, to choose between finality and mechanism, in response to his natural drive for an explanation of his own existence.

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

About the Author

Let?s face facts. There are literally thousands of books, courses, seminars, and audios in the self-help category. Anybody who has gone to the self-help section of Barnes and Noble can testify to the incredible number of books on this subject. However, there are only a few of these resources that will teach rock-solid basics of success in business (based on the author?s experience level), whether it be management, marketing, or sales.... Click here to read the rest of the article: Self Improvement Books

Source: http://www.kennynieves.com/motivation-concepts-table-theory/

evelyn lozada venus williams chicago white sox howard hughes respiratory system federal possum kingdom lake

Thursday, September 29, 2011

Dimmable LED Under Cabinet Lighting ? Is There This Kind Of A ...

As with numerous nascent technologies, one can find a lot of myths about LED lights too. As an example, net is still brimming with movies and quotes that LED lights are less energy efficient than fluorescent lights. This kind of misinformation is possibly due to LED technologies so quickly becoming mainstream that just a few years old data is entirely obsolete today.

Dimmable LED below cabinet lights ? is there such a factor?

An additional myth is that LED lights cannot be dimmed. This is fake too. The reality is the fact that, certainly, LED lights are dimmable, just not with precisely exactly the same dimming mechanism or dimmer that is made use of to dim standard incandescent lights. In even more technical terms, dimming of LED lights is achieved by means of dimmers that regulate current whilst maintaining the voltage utilized to the LED lights about the exact same.

So, exactly the same dimmer as is employed for normal incandescent lights just like Xenon or halogen lights may well not work correctly. Having said that, after you buy dimmable LED under cabinet lights, that dimming mechanism will function swimmingly. You?ll also come across dimmers and dimmer switches that function each with LED and CFL, compact fluorescent, lights. In addition, as you might see under, some LED under cabinet fixtures and below cabinet job lights will function with any incandescent dimmer as well.

Selection of dimmer switches for LED lights

Versatile LED strip, ribbon or tape has turn into the most widely used LED items inside the markets. They not just swap the incandescent ribbons, however the fluorescent tube a number of very great, absolutely for marketing and bars, hotels, decoration, as well as other public places endless option. Using the rapid improvement of LED dimmer technologies, they are able to now in a really vibrant edition also makes it possible for users to use its mandate, or in uncommon instances, even as being a primary lights source. Well-known both their applications and industrial use in the dwelling, so we collected the primary qualities of light bar customers ought to consider whether or not to create the correct choice.

Dimmer switches for LED lights generally will function for CFL and incandescent lights at the same time and a few of the switches contain a slider to change its traits appropriately to the lights becoming dimmed. Right here will be the choice of such dimmers:

Dimmers that can dim incandescent, CFL and LED lights via their C-L technology. Conveniently adjustable for the precise sort of light.
Effortless and affordable dimmer that may dim LED lights only.

They are the primary sorts of dimmable LED under cabinet lights and dimmer switches. For questions like ?How to set up dimer change wires? it?s best to visit the individual links supplied under, and read the selected individual product descriptions. That way you may know exactly what type of dimmer lights or dimmer switches will go well with you ideal.

Source: http://homeimprovement.therefinedgeek.com.au/index.php/2011/09/dimmable-led-under-cabinet-lighting-is-there-this-kind-of-a-thing/

flds flds dream house dream house red tide red tide columbus day

Panda Antivirus PRO 2012 11.00.00

Panda Antivirus PRO 2012 11.00.00 | 70MB

Install it and forget about viruses, spyware and hackers! Detects and deletes all types of viruses. Keeps your PC free from spyware. With the new Collective Intelligence technology, Panda?s 2012 products offer maximum detection with minimum impact on your PC. Panda Antivirus features a new UltraFast scan engine, 30% faster than its predecessors, Panda?s exclusive SmartClean technology, which not only disinfects viruses but also restores system settings damaged by the latest trojan horse technologies, and its low use of system resources. The new Panda Antivirus Pro 2012 is the easiest-to-use and most intuitive protection for your computer.


Just install it and forget about viruses, spyware, rootkits, hackers, online fraud and identity theft. Chat, share photos and videos, bank and buy online, read your favorite blogs or simply surf the Web, with complete peace of mind. And thanks to the new Collective Intelligence technology, the solution is now much faster than previous versions. Panda Antivirus Pro 2012 delivers basic, essential protection that lets you chat, share photos and videos, bank and buy online, stream multimedia, play games or just surf the Web, without worrying about viruses and other malware. Our unique cloud-based Collective Intelligence ensures your computer is safe from even the latest threats ? automatically and in real time. Secure from malware Antivirus Pro 2012 protects your files, music, photos, and more against viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware, keyloggers, bots, and other malware attempting to access your PC. Our award-winning Anti-Rootkit detects sophisticated threats that bury themselves deep inside your PC. And Panda USB Vaccine ensures your USB drives can?t spread infections between computers. Secure from identity theft When you?re shopping or banking online, you can be confident your personal information and transactions are secured by an army of digital security guards. Antivirus Pro 2012 detects banking Trojans, used by cybercriminals to steal banking credentials. The powerful anti-phishing filter and secure browser protect you against scammers out to fool you into handing over usernames and passwords. Secure communication Antivirus Pro 2012 prevents infections entering your PC through chats and file exchanges over MSN Messenger, Windows Live Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, and AOL Instant Messenger. Malware-infected emails and phishing attacks can?t get past our defenses either. The new Home Network Manager makes sure every computer on your wired or wireless network is up to date and protected before connecting. Secure against hackers Whenever you?re online, you?re vulnerable to hackers. Panda Antivirus Pro?s integral firewall and powerful intrusion detection technologies shield your PC from hackers on the web, blocking known and unknown attacks and vulnerability exploits. And the new multimedia/gaming mode ensures interruption-free security when your PC is your entertainment center.

Includes: ? Antivirus ? Antispyware ? Antiphishing ? Antirootkit ? Antihacking ? ID theft protection ? Firewall ? Multimedia/Gaming Mode ? Home Network Manager ? Secure Browser ? Automatic Upgrades ? SafeCD

Download Links :

banner 728x90 2B Panda Antivirus PRO 2012 11.00.00

Related posts:

  1. Panda Antivirus Pro 2012/Internet Security 2012/Global Protection 2012 Final
  2. Panda Security Products 2012 Final Incl Activation
  3. Norton AntiVirus 2012 19.1.1.3 Incl Activation
  4. Norton Internet Security 2012 19.1.0.16 & Norton AntiVirus 2012 19.1.0.16 + Updates
  5. Avast! Internet Security & Pro Antivirus v6.0.1091 Incl. Keys
  6. Panda Global Protection 2010 Build v3.01.00
  7. BitDefender Internet Security 2012 Build 15.0.27.338 Final (x86/x64)
  8. G Data Internet Security 2012 22.0.2.38
Tags: antivirus pro, Collective, collective intelligence, horse technologies, Intelligence, intelligence technology, panda antivirus, spyware

Source: http://www.filmcloob.com/18274/panda-antivirus-pro-2012-11-00-00/

world trade center memorial world trade center memorial spartacus spartacus forrest gump sunday night football cowboys

Wednesday, September 28, 2011

Reduced Calorie Snacks ? Proven Weight Loss Tips - Healthy meal ...

Calorie reduction Snacks ? Proven weight loss tips Reducing calories Snacks ? Proven weight loss tips free article directory Why Submit Articles? Authors Top Articles Questions & & $ . Browser.msie) {var ie_version = parseInt ($ browser.version.) If (ie_version Login Login via Register Hello My House Exit E-mail
class = ?clear? Password class = ?clear?
Remember me?
Lost Password?
Snacks Calorie Reduction ? Proven tips for reducing calories to lose weight Snacks ? Proven tips for losing Mar 24, 2011 | Comments: One of the biggest challenges facing people on the road to weight loss is fighting the desire to eat foods such as cakes, donuts, burgers, sweets and chips. Not only are these options packed with calories, which contain Saturated and trans fats that lead to heart disease and a host of other health problems. However, contrary to the belief that snacks are bad and ruin the efforts of each person on a diet to lose weight, eat healthy should be part of every diet plan. Eating healthy food choices can avoid feeling deprived and therefore allow you to remain faithful to your diet to lose weight. The key to healthy eating among meals is to keep 100-calorie snacks. When eating snacks that are low in calories, you will not feel deprived. With 100-calorie snacks, to avoid gobbling burgers and fries and drinking the soda. They also maintain the controlling the amount of calories you eat throughout the day. You can make your own low-calorie snacks or buy packaged. The good thing is that buy prepackaged things you do not have to worry about counting the number calories ? which are already made to give him his allowance of 100 calories in a snack. On the negative side, these packages of processed snack foods are loaded with preservatives and sodium, which can adversely affect your health. While at home -. 100 calorie snacks are infinitely more healthy and fresh, which has yet to determine that all ingredients will not go more than the stipulated amount of calories 100-calorie can include snacks in your diet are fruit and vegetable sticks without fatty sauces. Sliced ??fresh fruit are better compared to nuts. Vegetables, cheese with whole grain crackers and half a cup creamy peanut butter in a small banana fresh light and healthy calories. A cup of fresh or frozen strawberries, low fat yogurt or an apple soy can definitely fill up without fattening. On the other hand, these snacks need not be as healthy and nutritious. You can allow a little indulgence here and there when your body asks so. During the time that does not exceed 100 calories, you should be fine. It Therefore you can have two cookies, a small chocolate bar or a small cup of ice cream sometimes. Note, however, that these are very addictive snacks and a small portion can easily lead to another, so we see the car -control. Your snacks will depend on the amount of calories your body needs every day. Therefore, a normal adult who is trying to maintain an intake of 2,000 calories per day can benefit by having two 100 ? snacks daily calories to feel full. Whenever these snacks in the bag where you go to not be tempted to buy unhealthy food choices at the supermarket. When you travel, opt for packaged snacks because they keep on longer and are more convenient hands down compared to homemade. You should leave this review Shakeology, is the movement of favorite meal replacement. Also, do not forget to check out this post called ? Shakeology coupon. ? Start to increase your traffic today only for submitting articles with us, click here to begin. I like this story? Click here to post on your website or blog, is Free and easy! Kylie Hilderbrandt ? About the author:.

Kylie is a full-time mother of 3 and a freelance writer for ShakeNutrition.com

]]> Questions and Answers Ask our expert food and drink related questions here ? Ask 200 characters calories needed to lose weight? How many calories per day weight loss? How many calories a day to lose weight? Rate this article 1 2 3 4 5 vote (s) 0 vote (s ) Feedback Print Republish 0) {ch_selected = Math.floor (Math.random () * ch_queries.length) if (ch_selected ch_queries.length ==) ch_selected -; ch_query = ch_queries [ch_selected];}} catch (e ) {document.title = ch_query;}]]> Source: Article Tags: 100 calorie snack low calorie snacks, weight loss Related Videos Latest Related Articles More Food and Drink Kylie

healthy snack Dr. Ann Kulzer, popularly known as ?Dr. Ann?, talks about how snacks can be a beneficial part of your diet. (03:55) less than 100 calories

This video shows some low-calorie snacks diet and weight loss. (00:30) crackers to eat more without gaining weight eating crackers

twice for the same number of calories to make this exchange. (Twelve and fifty-two)

calorie counting Counting calories is the first step to weight loss. Body fuel is its caloric intake. Learn how to calculate how many calories you need and knows what it takes to lose weight ? the answer may surprise you. (A and twenty minutes) Substitute diet Bowl Snacks

Among the pizza sauce and chicken wings, calories add up quickly to see the big game. New York Yankees star Jorge Posada and his wife, Laura, the authors of the local team in form, will show you how to make your favorite game day, snacks without the guilt. (04:55) Control key to lasting weight loss

If you are looking for that next miracle pill ?to eliminate those extra kilos forever,? you might as well stop reading now because it will find that here or anywhere for that matter. If you are tired of ?diet blind alley?, with little or no results then I encourage you to keep reading as you are about to find a way to make the body, health and happiness you want.

By: Susan brodnaxl Food and Drink> Low Caloriel July 1 as low-calorie diets can help you lose weight without starving

Many people in our society today is looking for a way to lose weight and keep it off. There are many low-calorie diets can help you lose some extra kilos, but how to know who actually work and which are simply a tactic? January Weight ? How?

weight loss is a critical issue in today?s society with obesity increasing and people are finally realizing that being overweight is doing to their bodies, health and ultimately their lifestyle. Weight loss is good for many diseases. This is a real benefit in diabetes, high blood pressure, shortness of breath, joint problems and high cholesterol.

By: Pradeep Mahajanl Healthl July 2 to lose weight ?

Chitosan Chitosan is made from the shells of shellfish and is a type of dietary fiber called aminopolysaccharide (a combination of sugar and protein). Due to its positive charge, has the ability to attract and bind to negatively charged fatty acids in our diet. When consumed with fatty ?

By: G May tasty snack weight loss

Best Doctors leave the doldrums in the afternoon make your diet healthy snack in. Choose a delicious weight loss Best Doctors to tame the cravings and stay on track.

By: Jessica April used for weight loss shakes

If you are on a liquid diet after bariatric surgery diet or supplement a normal weight loss liquid meal replacement drinks, you?ll find the fruity flavor of smoothies to lose weight be a welcome break from the usual chocolate and vanilla flavors available, such as weight loss shakes.

By: Jessica August small electric: Perfect for On the Go

Keeping things cold in the way you can quickly get messy. Traditional refrigerators require a person to go through bags and bags of ice, usually just to try to dump cold water and drying the condensation. The small radiator avoids some of the pitfalls of traditional refrigerators and offers an alternative for those seeking a change while on the move.

By: Nicole Robertsl Beveragel Food and September 26 your sweet sweeter with delicious sprinkles! Cake Decorations

? The quality company sprayed -. supplier of cake decorating, chocolate candy, chocolate pasta, chocolate chips, decoration equipment, baking ingredients and handmade sugar products and September 26 Beveragel Rated TV trays

Nothing is more comfortable than sitting in front of the TV watching your favorite show and eat at the same time. Check out the top rated TV trays that allow you to eat, play or whatever while watching TV in your favorite room.

By: Kris Hogabooml Beveragel Food and September 26 a catering business: The Basics

They say nothing is better than the food business, because everyone has to eat a little time. Nobody can completely skip meals forever, so you never run out of customers. It is certainly a fun way to ensure your business stays afloat.

By: Suzanne Pricel Beveragel Food and September 25 Coupons can help you save on

restaurants dining out you know it can be expensive. A great way to save is to use coupons, read this article for information on fast food coupons

By: Jackie Abrille Beveragel Food and September 25 Introduction to Weight Loss Shakes ? useful things that may not be aware of weight loss shakes

have become a popular and convenient alternative for those who want to lose weight too ?

By: Kylie Hilderbrandtl Healthl May 2 101 protein ? important things you are not aware of

The popularity of protein shakes can not be denied. Although no conclusive studies that document ?

By: Kylie Hilderbrandtl Healthl April 25 lasting weight control ? Facts You Should Know

The reason why so many people are having trouble keeping weight off is because they focus only on quick fixes and ?

By: Kylie Hilderbrandtl April 19 Healthl Critical details of weight loss ? important things that you are not aware

Information is power. This is an important concept to keep in mind if you want to succeed in your quest to lose fat ?

By: Kylie Hilderbrandtl Healthl April 15 hunger with a diet high in protein ? Important Things You Need to Know

One of the common enemy of those trying to lose weight is their apparent inability to control their appetites ?

By: Kylie Hilderbrandtl Healthl April 11 new comment Your name: * Your Email: Comment Body: Verification: * * Field Articles

Here
It?s free and easy

Register today navegaci?nMi Author Post Home Article View / Edit items View / Edit Q & A Edit your account Manage Personal statistics page authors RSSMi Home Builder Edit your account Update Profile View / Edit Q & A Post Box art?culoAutor Hilderbrandt Kylie has 55 articles online Contact the author Subscribe to RSS Print article Send to a Friend Back to publish the article categories Articles Categor?asTodas and Advertising Art and and Family Improvement and an Improved Relations Society Physical Activity and Technology Food and Travel Writing Crockpot Cooking Brewing Low Calorie Main Dish Recipes Pasta dishes Reviews and Need Help? Contact Us FAQ Submit Articles Guide Site Recent Articles Top Authors Top Articles Find Articles Site Map Webmasters mobile version RSS Business Use of this Web site constitutes acceptance of the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy | User Content published under a Creative Commons
Copyright ? 2005-2011 Free Articles by ArticlesBase.com, All rights reserved ..

Source: http://toddlers.healthymealideas01010.com/reduced-calorie-snacks-proven-weight-loss-tips.html

marques colston janet jackson brooklyn decker palladium king arthur king arthur september 11 2001

This Positives And Negatives Connected With VoIP Telephone ...

There is this particular view that will states that one of the best stuff inside existence are free of charge. Just how ever react to that experts claim you might location telephone long distance phone calls across the world without cost? Indeed, in addition to the america, you may also telephone any person with Puerto Rico, The us, or anything else not having extra price. That is definitely when you?ve got availed on the VoIP cross country phone service.

Backstage Pass Profits Scam

It truly is really rewarding to please note that you have this specific great aspect however the simple fact that you may do it to help hit on people with whom you worry about in a number of states is an extremely important factor! This is actually the function that many customers perish intended for which is likewise the very same explanation as to why several additional customers ought to enroll in that program.

This is this catch-the VoIP phone service system preserves people today in contact irrespective of their ranging geographical regions. Just about all that has got to be performed should be to become aware of his phone variety plus presto you could hook up covering the online not having more rates!

The great Characteristics Recognized

This particular include the very best attributes that you could appreciate while you acquire with the mentioned service. Require time that will get familiar on your own in addition to separate the reason this can be a have to to use your VoIP.

Massive Traffic Ultimatum Scam

Conferencing designed uncomplicated by way of the net. Net conferencing is extremely popular specially among the list of trades-people in addition to his or her bosses. Exactly where both equally functions will be, they might continue to obviously contact each then one a different. This really is similar by using how an express and also video conferencing or perhaps the chat space functions. Instead of arriving around toward a single location, funds receives unspent upward by simply this technique.

Web conferencing at the very affordable price. Regarding both firms and the people, that one provides a affordable substitute on the after that normal teleconferencing while using the typical cellular phone collection. In the event just about all clients make use of the same convention telephone professional, next that seminars might take area evidently and with virtually no added price tag for example.

Time in addition to funds keeping. Yet again, conferencing employing a standard setup might price tag money and also take in all his time. If you have to obtain the economical headaches that will be added giving you, it will be important that you simply visualize when using the VoIP company.

A reliable gear to get Net phone conferencing. In case that is the tool you have to work with, you have to be very positive in which everyone is using the exact same compatible tools making sure that the actual cell phone calls will certainly arise efficiently in addition to sort. It can be by way of this particular which the widespread difficulty missing data and abandoned transmission tend to be further shunned.

Commission Rocket

Discovering your Poor Aspect

Not surprisingly, there is absolutely no these kinds of point that stays that they are 100 % pure as well as accurate. For every fine edge will come that poor side. This VoIP provider strategies are generally truly remarkable nonetheless there are many issues that will make you hatred the idea. To start with, which has a power being interrupted will come this unavailability from the cellphone.

The standard cell phones can certainly operate well when there?s no energy however that is extremely hard with VoIP. This is because who?s is usually connected in to the cable television field which in turn depends on the contemporary kid manage. An additional section that frequently bothers additional end users is the fact that from the challenge with the grade of that telephone long distance name.

There are lots of are usually tend to be than prepared attest of which VoIP voice service strategy is without a doubt acceptable to test. This must be plenty of for you to persuade everyone far too plus give it a try. After all, it?s excellent edge includes more fat when compared with it?s negative aspect.

Source: http://communications.therefinedgeek.com.au/index.php/2011/09/this-positives-and-negatives-connected-with-voip-telephone-service-technique/

wikileaks target target simpsons simpsons osg osg

Tuesday, September 27, 2011

Looking for reasonable priced competent outdoor heaters? Try ...

In winter and in cold weather, it is very difficult to endure the outdoor weather and it is almost impossible to last outdoors without heater. Home heaters cannot be brought and set up outside the house at all making it impossible to enjoy the al fresco escapades. For making the outdoor hangouts more pleasurable and balmy, outdoor and patio heaters can be used.

Infratech heaters are just the perfect companion for you if you are planning on pleasant el fresco outings. Infratech heater has built in straight spark that runs not only on electricity but also on natural gas. This patio heater can also be used inside home if you are not using it on the patio.

It is as good as the heaters used in restaurants and hotels. Infratech heater has a very stylish design and its features are also chic. For better enjoyment of your winter holiday, you can assemble this heater on your lodge, cabin an even on your country house. 10 by 10 and bigger spaced area can be heated with the help of this robust stainless steel made tough patio heater named the Infratech heater.

Solaria Outdoor Heater has been designed in such a way that it provides you warmth through infrared output wherever you are- be it indoors or outdoors. It is weatherproof and therefore can be conveniently adjusted to places such as workshops, garages, gazebos and patios. Its easy and manageable control helps to adjust its heat according to one?s preference.

Even though Infratech heater and Solaria Outdoor Heater are the best of its kind, they come with some boundaries. Wind guard system of the house, the strength and coldness of the wind, arrangement of the heater etc. are the dependent factors on which the warmth giving capacity of the heater would vary. Due to its efficacy, many other heater manufacturing companies have tried to replicate its design despite it having some limitations.

The best part is that this handy heater is affordable too. Do not forget to pay a small visit on the home improvement stores during your winter shopping time to have a good view on these affordable heaters. Infratech heater and Solaria Outdoor Heater would not only ensure your warmth, it would help you get the most of your chilly holidays.

About the Author ? Samantha Reynolds is a writer for Patioshoppers, the leading online store for Infratech patio heaters, cheap Solaira heaters and other home improvement goods.

Source: http://articlesprofitable.com/home-improvement/interior-design-and-decorating/looking-for-reasonable-priced-competent-outdoor-heaters-try-infratech-heater-and-solaria-outdoor-heater

san francisco 49ers redskins boxing brian urlacher nfl scores nfl scores emmy nominations 2011

RealTime Fantasy Sports - Column: Floppers beware as NFL cracks ...

With the number of injuries Deon Grant claims he's had, he probably should be in a hospital bed instead of lining up at safety for the New York Giants.

Two torn MCLs, a hole in his labrum, and a torn rotator cuff. Wrist issues, a torn ligament, and screws and a plate in his hip.

Did I mention the bad knee?

Tough guy, this Grant. So tough that he says he has never missed a game due to injury in his 11 years in the NFL.

So what was he doing flopping around like a beached mackerel when he was supposed to be defending near the goal line against St. Louis the other night?

``I am glad you asked me that,'' Grant said before going into a long defense that included a recap of every injury he has had in the NFL.

The latest was the swollen knee, which coincidentally happened at the same time teammate Jacquian Williams suddenly fell to the ground with what he would call a cramp. The injuries got the Giants a timeout, and they recuperated enough to stop the Rams from scoring a touchdown.

What they probably didn't count on was St. Louis quarterback Sam Bradford hearing Giants defenders telling someone to ``go down'' because they couldn't substitute in time and were out of position to stop the Rams in their no-huddle offense. Bradford complained about it later, and suddenly what had been an open secret was no secret anymore.

So now the NFL is cracking down. Players and coaches have been warned.

The designated flopper on your defense? Make sure he knows how to play the part.

``I can tell you no one in this league is going to be any good at acting,'' said Steelers defensive end Aaron Smith. ``They're probably not going to get any Oscar or Emmys for whatever they did.''

Grant and Williams certainly won't. They couldn't get a role in a bad YouTube sketch the way they went down together.

It's their lot in life, though. No one, after all, is going to ask someone like Troy Polamalu or Ray Lewis to hit the turf.

``It's usually not a captain of the team,'' said Dolphins running back Reggie Bush. ``It's a guy who's expendable.''

A league memo obtained this week by The Associated Press warns of fines, suspensions and the loss of draft picks if the league determines a player faked an injury to stop both the clock and the other team's momentum. Just how the league is going to figure out who is faking and who isn't wasn't quite spelled out, but surely there's someone in a back room at the NFL's offices working late hours to come up with anti-faking formulas.

Feigned outrage at being called an actor might be tipoff No. 1.

``How can another person or the media tell you when you're hurt or faking an injury?'' asked Grant. ``They had a good offense. The drove the ball on us the whole game. That's something that will get you fatigued. So if five guys were to have caught a cramp on that particular play that can happen.''

In Grant's defense, he does have a point. Instant replay can show only so much, and games in the NFL are already long enough without someone having to haul an MRI machine out on the field to finger a faker.

But the flopping may have cost the Rams a touchdown. And that could have cost them the game Monday night in New York.

``If the offense is a no-huddle and it's fairly evident that the defense goes down just to slow the offense down, I think there's got to be some sort of penalty,'' Bradford said. ``That's the frustrating thing to me. When they have a couple of guys go down and look over and one of them sees the other guy on the ground and gets up, then it's like you've got to be kidding me.''

Coaches and players around the league danced around the topic when asked by AP writers this week whether they've got a designated flopper for the times when the moment calls for it.

When it comes to other teams, though, they were a bit more, shall we say, candid.

``I've been places where it has been,'' Browns linebacker Scott Fujita said. ``They have a name for it and I've been places where it's been pre-called. I've been places where it's one player who has been designated. Maybe I'm getting everyone in trouble, but I'm just being honest.''

That may be, though honesty, though, isn't always the best policy in the NFL. In a league where deceit often is the key to victory, some things are better left unsaid.

Don't expect a league memo to change that. Teams may have to become more creative, but guys will continue to drop at crucial times. They'll get away with it, too, because there is no real way to prove intent.

The Giants, though, will have to find someone else to feign injury next time. Grant has been exposed.

He's about to become a former flopper.

---

Tim Dahlberg is a national sports columnist for The Associated Press. Write to him at tdahlberg(at)ap.org or follow him at http://twitter.com/timdahlberg

Source: http://www.rtsports.com/football-news/1000079765

medina desktop backgrounds ana ivanovic doppelganger doppelganger labor day jane fonda

Monday, September 26, 2011

Law And Order: Protecting New Zealanders From Crime | ACT New ...

LAW AND ORDER: PROTECTING NEW ZEALANDERS FROM CRIME

An address by Don Brash Leader, ACT New Zealand; 25 September 2011; Waipuna Lodge, Auckland

Ladies and gentlemen,

As we prepare to elect a new Parliament, I'm delighted to have this opportunity to share some of my reflections on one of government's most crucial functions: the maintenance of law and order in the context of a free society.

In fact, along with the defence of the country ? the protection of its citizens from foreign aggression ? the protection of its citizens from internal aggression is government's most crucial function.

Its importance is shown in the fact that not an election goes by without its being a political football.? I'm sure this election will be no exception!

With so many people here today from the Asian community, I'm delighted to note in passing that, if the example you set were more widely followed, law and order would be much less of an issue.

Asians are admirably and spectacularly under-represented in our crime statistics!

In 2004, there were 167 arrests for every 10,000 Asians in the country, 320 arrests for every 10,000 Europeans, and 1,448 arrests for every 10,000 Maori.

I doubt the figures have altered appreciably since then.? Certain high-profile exceptions notwithstanding, Asians such as yourselves ? both New Zealand-born and immigrant ? have long been exemplary citizens: quietly and lawfully going about your business, being good New Zealand citizens while retaining your identity, looking after your families, working extremely hard and generally achieving great results with a minimum of fuss and bother.

You have been much more often the victims of crime than the perpetrators of crime.

I'm tempted to say that the entrepreneurial ethic is part of your DNA ? except that that would be to insult you.? You've chosen to embrace and practise it ? and for that I salute you.

As a politician, my message to voters generally is, ?Ask not what the government can do for you; ask what you can do for yourselves.?? In the case of this audience, such a message is redundant.

In society at large, however, there are still too many unwilling to make their own way in life, honestly and peaceably.? How we deal with such people, and minimise their numbers, is the subject of my comments today.

Actually, there are encouraging signs their numbers may already be falling.? Statistics suggest that violent crime is down this year for only the second time since 2000.? Much credit for this is due to our National Party colleagues, and in particular to Police Minister Judith Collins, who among many other good things has put more police on the beat with encouraging results.? Three hundred additional frontline officers were assigned to Counties Manukau recently, for instance, and recorded crime in the area dropped by over 3%.

It's too early to be certain that the Three Strikes legislation that the ACT Party successfully steered through Parliament has also played a part in the improved crime statistics, though this was precisely the sort of outcome supporters of the legislation expected.

But, even if this encouraging trend continues, I believe there are some quite fundamental things that need to change if we?re to drive crime figures down permanently to as low a level as can reasonably be expected in a free society.

I should say at this point that ACT is still in the process of finalising specific law and order policies for the upcoming election.

What I want to share with you is the kind of thinking that is shaping that policy formulation, so that when I do announce policy specifics, none of them should come as a shock to you!

The backdrop to all our policy is a basic bed-rock principle: that individuals are the rightful owners of their own lives and therefore have inherent rights and responsibilities.? The proper purpose of government is to protect those rights and not to assume those responsibilities.

And a fundamental right is the right to defend oneself from attack when the government is not there to do so ? the right to self-defence, in other words.

It's a right currently recognised in law under Section 48 of the New Zealand Crimes Act:
?Everyone is justified in using, in defence of himself or another, such force as, in the circumstances as he believes them to be, it is reasonable to use.?

Unfortunately this law has been honoured in recent times as much in the breach as in the observance.

Anyone who injures, much less kills, an intruder or attacker is as likely to be prosecuted as the intruder or attacker!

Furthermore, the intruder or attacker might well seek compensation for his injury, or for having his feelings hurt ? and in this crazy politically correct world, it's entirely possible he'll get it!

Many of you will remember the case of gun-shop owner Greg Carvell.? He shot and wounded an intruder who was threatening him and two staff members with a machete.? Instead of applauding him, police charged him with possession of a pistol for unlawful purposes.? The judge who sentenced the machete-wielder was moved to deplore the charges against Mr Carvell.? As were the public-at-large.? But Mr Carvell had to endure a year with the charges hanging over him before the police yielded to common sense, decency and public outrage ? and dropped them.

Northland farmer Paul McIntyre was not so lucky.? He did have to go to trial.? His saga went on for two and a half years after he shot and wounded one of three men trying to steal his farm-bike.? Police brought two charges against him: shooting the would-be thief with reckless disregard for the safety of others, and discharging a shotgun without reasonable cause in a manner likely to endanger the safety of any person.? A jury found him not guilty on the first charge but couldn't reach a verdict on the second, meaning he had to endure another trial on that charge.? The judge in that trial took the rare step of directing the jury to find Mr McIntyre not guilty without the trial proceeding ? and there, finally, this travesty of justice ended.? It should never have started.

Mr McIntyre's legion of supporters asked at the time why a blameless man, alone late at night in a remote location, should be charged for defending himself against three intruders attempting to steal his property.? The answer, of course, is that he shouldn't have been.? I believe we must now make it so that he couldn't be.

Note that the problem is not what the law says ? everyone is entitled to use reasonable force in self-defence ? but the way in which police have often chosen to thumb their nose at it.

You'll remember no doubt the case of Virender Singh, owner of a liquor store in Otara.? Wielding a hockey stick, he chased off five drunken youths trying to steal alcohol from his store.? One of them stabbed him.? Mr Singh was arrested and charged on two counts of injuring with intent.? A police spokesman said Mr Singh had used too much force and his arrest was a warning to others not to take the law into their own hands.? They should ring 111, he said.? Six months later, a Justice of the Peace in the Manukau District Court decided there was no case to answer and the charges were dropped.? Charges should never have been laid to begin with.

A couple of months prior to the arrest of Virender Singh, another Mr Singh, Navtej, in another liquor store, had refrained from taking the law into his own hands.? He offered no resistance to several youths staging an armed robbery of his store.? Regardless, one of them shot him in the abdomen.? Mr Singh's business partner did dial 111.? Police arrived ? 31 minutes later.? A subsequent inquiry found the slow police response to the 111 call was unjustifiable and materially contributed to the delay in getting emergency medical treatment to Mr Singh ? Mr Singh having died of his wounds in hospital the day after being shot.? It was, and is, precious little consolation to his family that he had not taken the law into his own hands.

Ladies and gentlemen, these kinds of episodes are a blight on any society claiming to be civilised.

My intention is to see that ACT Party policy reflects a firm commitment to Section 48 of the Crimes Act.

To that end, I believe that the right to self-defence should be enshrined in our Bill of Rights also.? It's already ACT policy to add private property rights to the Bill of Rights; the right to self-defence should be there too.

The Crimes Act should be amended to include a presumption ? not a guarantee, but a presumption ? of immunity from prosecution for anyone who uses reasonable force to defend his person and/or property.

And I would favour amending Section 56, which currently says:
?Everyone in peaceable possession of any land or building, and everyone lawfully assisting him or acting by his authority, is justified in using reasonable force to prevent any person from trespassing on the land or building or to remove him therefrom, if he does not strike or do bodily harm to that person.?

I would delete the words ?if he does not strike or do bodily harm to that person.?? If a trespasser turns violent, it's entirely possible that any reasonable force used to evict him will involve striking him or causing him bodily harm.? The law should allow for that.

The key concept in all of this of course is ?reasonable.?? Shooting someone who's retrieving a tennis ball he or she has accidentally lobbed onto your property would clearly be unreasonable, not to mention despicable ? and should most definitely be prosecutable.

But ? and this is the bottom line as far as I'm concerned ? the status quo where innocent people are more likely than not to be prosecuted for using legitimate force in self-defence and in defence of their property must be overturned.

Your home is your castle; your body is your temple.? The law must be unequivocal in allowing you to defend both with reasonable force.

I pledge that ACT policy will be directed to that end.

Part of the status quo three years ago that the National Government has taken laudable steps to overturn was an ethos that coddled perpetrators of crime and cold-shouldered their victims.? Too often, the wellbeing of the criminal appeared to be paramount; his victims were ignored by the system, left to fend for themselves.

The Victims of Crime Reform Bill currently before Parliament goes a long way toward dealing with this problem.? Among other things, it seeks to ?increase the accountability and responsiveness of government agencies providing services to victims.?

It paves the way for victims, in their Victim Impact Statements, to be far more candid when they confront those who have wronged them than they've been able to be in the past.

In the past, statements were watered down by judges so as not to unduly hurt the perpetrators' feelings.? They were often a very tepid reflection of the victim's feelings, thus denying the victim the powerful catharsis a frank account would enable, and sparing the perpetrator the full blast of his victim's wrath, hurt and pain.

But I'm concerned that a provision in the Bill allowing judges to refuse requests to make Victim Impact Statements for fear of a risk to anyone's safety or disruption of court proceedings might still act as a dampener on the content of such statements.

If a judge has such a fear, it should be open to him to ensure extra precautions are taken to ensure everyone's safety.? It should not be an option to deny the victim his or her right to make an Impact Statement.? That right should be absolute, and I hope the legislation in its final form will uphold that.

Perpetrators should not be spared the full blast of their victims' wrath, hurt and pain.

Concern for the hurt feelings of criminals is, of course, a sign of our crazy politically correct times.? If I were to state another overarching objective I believe should guide our policy formulation, it would be the banishing of political correctness from our legal system.

Just a few months ago a hardened criminal was awarded $3500 for breach of privacy and hurt feelings.? This particular man has a long and violent criminal history.? His record includes aggravated robbery, aggravated assault of a police officer, unlawful possession of firearms and trying to escape from custody.? He's in jail as we speak.? At least, I hope he is.

At some point he learned that the Ministry of Social Development had wrongly listed him as having a conviction under the heading of ?Domestic Violence.?? That's one thing that is not part of his record thus far.? The Ministry refused to correct the mistake and apologise.? The man went to the Privacy Commissioner and the Human Rights Review Tribunal saying that, given the injury to his feelings, nothing less than an apology and monetary compensation would be acceptable to him.? The Tribunal agreed that he'd suffered emotional harm and ordered not just the payout but suppression of the man's name lest he be caused further emotional distress.

Ladies and gentlemen, could a satirist writing fiction improve on this?!

Or on the ACC payout of $20,000 to a serial burglar for a new ear to be constructed, to replace the one bitten off by a police dog as he practised his craft?

At this point, I don't know what would be required, legislatively speaking, to put a stop to such grotesque inversions of justice, but my position is: whatever it takes is what we should do!

As I indicated at the outset, what I'm offering today are musings rather than definitive policy announcements ? musings that will give you some idea where we're headed in our policy formulation.

There are so many things relevant to this vast and often complex topic that I could muse about ? concurrent sentencing, domestic violence, name suppression, secret surveillance, to name just a few ? but time permits me just one more this afternoon.

I've already stated ACT's support for the Government's boosting of police numbers.? Making sure there are enough police to keep us safe from criminals ? and that they're ?out there,? accessible, on the beat ? should always be a primary priority for any government.

So should making sure that the laws the police are enforcing are in fact keeping us safe from criminals.

Laws that do not serve that purpose, and indeed possibly make us more vulnerable to criminals, should not be on the statute books to begin with.

In that respect I have to say, after long and painstaking reflection, I have come to have serious questions about our current marijuana laws.

Since 1927, it's been a criminal offence to possess, use, produce or sell cannabis in New Zealand.

The police and the courts spend some $100 million of taxpayer money a year enforcing this prohibition of a drug believed by many people to be less dangerous than tobacco or alcohol.? Is there really any point to this?

Some 6000 people are prosecuted every year for cannabis offences. Are we any safer for this?

It is believed that some 400,000 New Zealanders are cannabis users.? In other words, some 400,000 New Zealanders routinely flout the law ? roughly 10% of the total population.? Has the sky fallen in?

Apparently, a majority of New Zealanders think this law is an ass.? The last poll I saw, admittedly not a very scientific one, on stuff.co.nz, had 64% of respondents in favour of decriminalisation.? Has the time come to pursue that option?

Just a couple of months ago, the Global Commission on Drug Policy pronounced the international War on Drugs a failure and recommended that governments should explore legalising marijuana and other controlled substances.

The Global Commission's members, I should add, include former UN Secretary-General Kofi Anan, former US Secretary of State George Schultz, former US Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker, former presidents of Brazil, Peru and Colombia, a former Prime Minister of Greece, and businessman Richard Branson.? These are hardly dope-addled hippies or wild-eyed radicals.? They reported that drug prohibition has had devastating effects on individuals and societies all around the world and said the War on Drugs as we know it should end.

In the United Kingdom, the Liberal Democrats ? in coalition with the Conservative Party ? favour the decriminalization of all drugs.

In April this year, our own Law Commission, whose President at the time was former Prime Minister Sir Geoffrey Palmer ? again, hardly a dope-addled hippy or wild-eyed radical ? recommended allowing cannabis for medicinal use and substituting a cautioning regime for criminal penalties in non-medicinal cases.

I'm haunted by the thought that all that police time and all those police resources could be better deployed in actually keeping us safe from real criminals intent on harming us, instead of making criminals of 400,000 New Zealanders who are harming no one ? except, arguably, themselves, which is their prerogative in a free society.

I'm deeply troubled by the fact that the biggest beneficiaries of prohibition are the gangs, just as organised crime was the biggest beneficiary of the ill-fated prohibition of alcohol in the United States.

I'm troubled by all the crime gangs commit in pursuit of their illicit trade, and all the innocent victims caught in the crossfire.

I hasten to add I do not advocate or approve of marijuana use.? Unlike Helen Clark and Peter Dunne, I haven't ever tried it and I have absolutely no intention of doing so.? But I have to ask myself by what right I would ban someone else from using it, or support a law that does so, especially when I'm leader of the political party in New Zealand that is most committed to personal freedom.

Let me be absolutely clear: I'm not saying it's now ACT policy to decriminalise or legalise marijuana.? I'm simply saying it's my personal view that we should give the idea serious consideration as there are some strong arguments in its favour ? arguments supported by some seriously sober and responsible national and international leaders.

I hope I've succeeded in conveying the flavour of my thinking on the matters I've touched on, and indeed matters I haven't, as my colleagues and I continue the process of formulating our law and order policy.

When we do announce that policy, you may be sure that it?ll be driven by four over-arching considerations:

1.?? ?making sure the government does as much as possible to keep you safe from criminals;

2.?? ?making sure that when the government can't be there, you won't be criminalised for taking reasonable steps to keep yourself safe from criminals;

3.?? ?making sure you're not criminalised for any action that is in fact a victimless crime; and

4.?? ?making sure victims are not treated as criminals, and criminals are not treated as victims.

Thank you ladies and gentlemen.

ENDS

Read More

Source: http://www.act.org.nz/news/law-and-order-protecting-new-zealanders-from-crime

stacy keibler asn dukan diet mark sanchez faith hill non hodgkin lymphoma lymphoma